• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Disc for a ventilated type disc brake. A disc for a ventilated type disc brake is described, comprising a braking band (2) defined by two plates (3, 4) coaxial to an axis, facing each other and spaced apart to provide an interspace. The plates have facing surfaces (6, 7) from which elements (8, 9, 10) extend transversely for connecting the same plates. Such confronting surfaces define, together with the connecting elements, within the interspace, ventilation ducts for cooling the disk. The disc (1) comprises a plurality of projections (11, 12) which project from both facing surfaces of the two plates (3, 4). The projections are circumferentially arranged only near the outer edges of the plates, in correspondence with the outlet of the ventilation ducts. Each projection (11) of one plate (3) is opposite and aligned with a projection (12) of the other plate (4), along a direction parallel to axis (Z).
    公开号:BR112013030323B1
    申请号:R112013030323-9
    申请日:2012-05-25
    公开日:2021-06-08
    发明作者:Nino Ronchi；Leone Oberti
    申请人:Freni Brembo S.P.A.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    APPLICATION FIELD
    [0001] The aim of the present invention is to provide a disc for a ventilated type disc brake.
    [0002] The disc for a disc brake according to the present invention finds particular application, but not exclusively, in the automotive industry, especially in heavy motor vehicles, such as SUVs ("sport utility vehicles"). or large MPVs (“multi-purpose vehicles”). STATE OF ART
    [0003] As is known, the discs for a disc brake comprise a bell from which extends a ring portion, referred to as the brake band, which is intended to cooperate with the shoes of a caliper. In the case of ventilated type discs, the braking band consists of two plates, which face each other and are connected together by connecting elements, for example, in the form of pins or wings. The external surfaces of the two plates define opposing braking surfaces, while the internal surfaces define, together with the pins or wings, ventilation ducts for disc cooling, through which the air passes according to a centrifugal direction during the rotational movement. of said disc.
    [0004] It is known that, under certain conditions of mechanical effort, the brake discs, and in particular the brake bands, generate irritating noises and whistles, which can also be very intense. This phenomenon occurs when the brake band is excited with frequencies that are close to or equal to the intrinsic vibration modes.
    [0005] In fact, when a body is excited in the vicinity of intrinsic vibration modes, the phenomenon known as resonance occurs. If the frequency of such vibration falls within the range of frequencies audible to humans, such vibrations generate irritating whistles, which are audible inside the vehicle, to the detriment of comfort and the perceived quality of the vehicle.
    [0006] In patent GB 2,286,438, in the name of the same Applicant, a ventilated type brake disc is described with a brake band that increases the rigidity of the structure, thus increasing the frequencies of the diametric vibration modes of the brake band .
    [0007] In more detail, the two brake band plates are interconnected by radial wings. The structure is diametrically reinforced by the thickening of the outermost radial end of one of the two wings, by means of a drop-shaped mass that is placed in the connection area of the wing itself with one of the two plates. On the other plate, close to the outer edge of the band, adequate projections are arranged to balance the weight of the drop-shaped reinforcement masses. These projections are arranged at the exit of the ventilation ducts, which are not affected by the reinforcement masses, so as not to create ventilation ducts with an excessively small opening.
    [0008] The described solution allows only partially increasing the frequencies of the intrinsic diametrical vibration modes of the disk. Therefore, the reduction of the resonance phenomenon in the audible frequency range is limited.
    [0009] In the US patent 3,983,973, a ventilated type brake disc is described, which is provided with inserts of a material with vibration damping capacity arranged on the internal surfaces of both plates. The inserts are disposed in the ventilation ducts within special grooves, and extend substantially radially along the length of the ducts.
    [0010] The solution is not particularly effective and, in any case, it is constructively complex to manufacture and is therefore not cost-effective.
    [0011] In US patent 3,425,523, a ventilated type brake disc is described, provided with vibration damping elements that are removably inserted in one or more ventilation ducts. Such damping elements are elastic bodies constituted by an elastic cable, which is suitably shaped to be in contact with both plates.
    [0012] The document DE202006017092U1 discloses a brake disc which is assembled by two identical halves incorporating a friction ring also consisting of two parts. Both parts are connected with cooling fins and a cooling gap is formed between them. Bolts are arranged tangentially on the brake disc joint faces and guided through insertion areas. The friction ring elements are provided with a plurality of projections arranged similar to the cooling fins in order to improve the thermal convection and mechanical properties of the friction parts.
    [0013] This solution is also not particularly efficient, being even operationally impractical. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
    [0014] Therefore, the objective of the present invention is to eliminate, or at least reduce, the aforementioned problems of ventilated type discs for disc brakes, in relation to the prior art, which allows to significantly reduce the occurrence of noise and whistles associated with vibrations.
    [0015] According to a preferred embodiment, these problems are solved by a disc for a ventilated type disc brake, comprising a braking band, defined by two plates coaxial to an axis, facing each other and spaced apart to provide an interspace; from the surfaces facing each other of said plates there are elements that extend transversely, and connect the same plates; such surfaces facing each other (confronting) define, together with the connecting elements, within said interspace, ventilation ducts for cooling the disk; such disk comprises a plurality of projections that project from both facing surfaces of the two plates, where said projections are circumferentially disposed in the vicinity of the outer edges of the plates, in correspondence with the outlet of the ventilation ducts, each projection of a plate being opposite and aligned with a projection of the other plate along a direction parallel to said axis of symmetry.
    [0016] Preferably, said projections are uniformly arranged only along the outer edges of the plates. Advantageously, said projections are arranged at the outlet of each ventilation duct. Preferably, said projections have a circular section, with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axis.
    [0017] In a particular embodiment, said connecting elements consist of wings. Advantageously, said wings extend radially with respect to said axis.
    [0018] Alternatively, said connecting elements consist of columnar elements. Advantageously, said columnar elements are arranged along at least one outer row and one inner row, which are concentric with respect to one another and to the plates. Preferably, the columnar elements of the outer row have a substantially circular section with respect to a plane orthogonal to said axis.
    [0019] Advantageously, each projection is arranged between two columnar elements of the outer row. Preferably, the projections of a plate are equal in number to the columnar elements of the outer row. Advantageously, the columnar elements of the inner row have a rhomboidal section in relation to a plane orthogonal to said axis.
    [0020] Advantageously, at least one other intermediate row of columnar elements is provided. Preferably, the columnar elements of the intermediate row have a rhomboidal section in relation to a plane orthogonal to said axis.
    [0021] Alternatively, the columnar elements of the intermediate row have a star-shaped section in relation to a plane orthogonal to said axis. Advantageously, the columnar elements of the middle row are out of phase with those of the outer row and those of the inner row.
    [0022] Preferably, said projections are radially aligned with the columnar elements of the intermediate row. Advantageously, the columnar elements are arranged between the two plates according to a quincuncial arrangement.
    [0023] Preferably, said projections are made of the same material as the plates. Preferably, said projections are integrated with the plates. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
    [0024] The technical characteristics of the invention are clearly evident from the content of the claims presented below, and its advantages will become clearer from the following detailed description, provided with reference to the attached drawings, which represent one or more forms of incorporation merely illustrative , non-limiting, in which: - fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, seen from the side opposite to the support bell side; - Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the disk of fig. 1, seen from the side of the bell; - Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of the disk illustrated in fig. 1, with the bell side plate partially cut out; - Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the disk illustrated in fig. 1, with the plate opposite the side of the bell partially cut out; - Fig. 5 shows a plan view of the disk illustrated in fig. 1, seen from the side of the bell, with the plate partially cut; - Fig. 6 shows a plan view of the disc illustrated in fig. 1, with the bell-side plate shown in phantom; - Fig. 7 shows a side view of the disk illustrated in fig. 6, in section, according to line VII - VII; - Fig. 8 shows a perspective view, in section, of the disk illustrated in fig. 1, with the bell side plate and support bell completely removed, in order to better illustrate the internal structure of the brake band in the interspace between the two plates; and - fig. 9 shows a perspective view, in section, of a disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, with the side plate and bell support bell completely removed, in order to better illustrate the internal structure of the brake band in the interspace between the two plates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0025] With reference to the drawings, a disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to the invention, intended to be used in a disc brake (not shown) of a vehicle, such as for example a motor vehicle, is generally indicated by the numeral 1. Disc 1 has a substantially circular configuration and extends around an axis indicated, in the figures, with Z.
    [0026] An axial direction to the brake disk or band is to be understood as a direction parallel to the Z axis. By radial direction to the brake disk or band is meant a direction perpendicular to the axial direction or the Z axis. Finally, a direction tangential or circumferential to the disk must be understood as a direction that coincides with a circle having its center on the Z axis.
    [0027] The disc 1 comprises a support bell 20 and a braking band 2 coaxial with the bell 20. The braking band 2, which is intended to cooperate with the disc brake calipers in order to exert the action of braking on the vehicle, is defined by two plates 3, 4 which are coaxial to the Z axis. The first plate 3 is arranged on the side of the support bell 20, while the second plate 4 is arranged on the opposite side.
    [0028] The two plates are mutually confronting and are spaced apart to provide an interspace 5 which, during the rotation of the disc, houses an air flow according to a centrifugal direction during the rotational movement of said disc.
    [0029] The two plates 3 and 4 have surfaces 6, 7 facing each other, from which elements 8, 9, 10 that connect the same plates 6, 7 extend transversely.
    [0030] Opposite surfaces 6, 7 define, together with connecting elements 8, 9, 10 within the aforementioned interspace, ventilation ducts 50 for cooling the disk, through which air passes according to a direction centrifuge during the rotation movement of said disc.
    [0031] According to the invention, the disc 1 comprises a plurality of projections 11, 12, which project from both facing surfaces 6, 7 of the two plates 3 and 4. These projections 11, 12 are circumferentially arranged on the proximity of the outer edges of the plates, at the exit of the ventilation ducts 50. Each projection 11 of a plate 3 is axially opposite, and aligned with, a projection 12 of the other plate 4.
    [0032] In other words, the projections 11, 12 are arranged on an outer annular band of the plates, and are arranged so that a projection on one plate corresponds to an axially opposite projection on the other plate.
    [0033] Preferably, such projections 11, 12 are arranged only on said annular band. Advantageously, these projections 11, 12 are circumferentially arranged in proximity to the outer edges of the plates, at the exit of the ventilation ducts 50.
    [0034] The projections of 11, 12 consist of simple appendages that project from the corresponding plates. The projections 11, 12 of one plate are separated from the axially opposed projections disposed on the other plate (as illustrated, for example, in Fig. 7).
    [0035] Functionally, the projections 11, 12 define damping masses arranged externally to the brake band, allowing to change the intrinsic diametrical vibration modes of disk 1, that is, its intrinsic frequencies, but without changing the mechanical resistance of the disk, and above all without altering its rigidity. Such projections affect the relation that governs the response p = k/ /m , and therefore the value of the intrinsic frequencies of the disk, where k indicates the elastic constant and m indicates the mass. Projections 11, 12 increase the value of m without substantially affecting the value of k, not intervening much in the stiffness of the brake band.
    [0036] Through such projections 11, 12, and by virtue of their distribution, it is possible to intervene in the intrinsic diametrical modes of the disc, reducing the intrinsic frequencies, which can be excited mainly during the movement of a vehicle, in order to reduce , or try to completely eliminate the occurrence of irritating vibrations or resonance phenomena.
    [0037] Preferably, the projections 11, 12 are uniformly arranged along the outer edges of the plates 6, 7 in order to avoid dynamic imbalances during rotation of the disc. In particular, the projections 11, 12 are arranged at the outlet of each ventilation duct 50, as illustrated for example in figs. 8 and 9.
    [0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the projections 11, 12 have a circular section in relation to a plane orthogonal to the Z axis, in order to reduce the fluid dynamic impact on the air flow leaving the ventilation ducts.
    [0039] Preferably, the projections 11, 12 are cylindrical in shape, with a rounded head and beveled fitting at its base. The height and diameter of the projections 11, 12 can vary according to use, so as to calibrate the amount of damping mass according to the desired frequency reduction.
    [0040] Advantageously, the projections 11, 12 are made of the same material as the plates 3 and 4, being preferably integrated (in particular, by means of fusion) with the plates themselves.
    [0041] According to an embodiment not illustrated in the attached figures, the connecting elements between the two plates consist of wings. In particular, the wings can develop radially.
    [0042] In accordance with the form of incorporation illustrated in the attached figures, the connecting elements 8, 9, 10 between plates 3, 4 consist of columnar elements. Advantageously, the columnar elements 8, 9, 10 are uniformly arranged along the opposite surfaces 6, 7 of the two plates 3 and 4. Preferably, the columnar elements are arranged along at least two circular or concentric rows, corresponding to one outer row 21, which is furthest away from the Z axis, and an inner row 22, which is closer to the Z axis.
    [0043] In accordance with the described embodiments, the columnar elements 8, 9 and 10 are arranged in three circular or concentric rows, corresponding to an outer row 21, an intermediate row 23, and an inner row 22. Preferably, the columnar elements of the outer row 21, indicated by 8, have a substantially circular section with respect to a plane orthogonal to the Z axis. Advantageously, each projection 11, 12 is arranged between two columnar elements 8 of the outer row 21.
    [0044] Preferably, the projections 11, 12 of a plate 3, 4 are equal in number to the columnar elements 8 of the outer row 21. Preferably, the columnar elements 9 of the inner row 22 have a tapered section, with respect to a plane orthogonal to the Z axis, both in the direction of the Z axis of the plates and outwards, for the brake band 2, to form a substantially rhomboidal section. Preferably, the sides of the rhomboidal section are mutually connected.
    [0045] According to the embodiment illustrated in figs. 3-7, the columnar elements 10 of the intermediate row 23 are rhomboidal in section, similar to those of the outer row 21. Preferably, the elements 10 of the intermediate row 23 are larger than the elements 8 of the outer row 21 in the circumferential direction.
    [0046] According to the alternative embodiment illustrated in fig. 9, the columnar elements 10 of the middle row 23 are star-shaped in section with respect to a plane perpendicular to the Z axis.
    [0047] The dimensions of the columnar elements 8, 9 and 10 may vary according to the vehicle for which the disc is intended.
    [0048] As can be seen, in particular in figs. 8 and 9, the columnar elements 10 of the intermediate row 23 are out of phase with those of the outer row 21 and those of the inner row 22. In particular, the projections 11, 12 are radially aligned with the columnar elements 10 of the intermediate row 23. Preferably, the columnar elements 8, 9, 10 are arranged between the two plates 3 and 4 according to a quincuncial arrangement.
    [0049] The use of columnar type connection elements allows to vary the number and dimensions of the columnar elements of each individual row, in order to obtain a customized configuration in terms of compromise between implementation, fluid dynamics and resistance to thermal breakage.
    [0050] Preferably, the projections 11 and 12 are coupled to the columnar elements, having a circular or rounded cross section. In fact, experimentally, this solution provides great advantages in terms of reducing the intrinsic frequencies of the disk. The rounded or circular shape allows you to find a balance between stiffness and damping, simply varying the diameters of the projections and columnar elements to achieve a balance between the parts, with ease of implementation.
    [0051] This would not be possible with wing-type connecting elements, since the entire width of the wing should be varied, thus causing a weakening of the structure in the part that is most susceptible to thermal cracking (ie, the center of the band braking system).
    [0052] A comparative modal analysis was carried out between a conventional ventilated type brake disc (indicated as disc A, below) and a brake disc according to the invention (indicated as disc B, below), to observe the displacement of the intrinsic frequencies of the disk by virtue of the invention.
    [0053] Disc A had an outer diameter of 320 mm, an inner diameter of 189 mm, and a thickness of 30 mm. The ventilation chamber had a height of 11 mm in the axial direction. Disc A, made of cast iron, had a mass of 9,950 kg. The two plates of the disk were connected by equal columnar elements (having a substantially rectangular shape) arranged in three concentric rows in a quincuncial arrangement. Each row had 51 columnar elements.
    [0054] Disc B, made in accordance with the invention, had an outer diameter of 320 mm, an inner diameter of 189 mm, and a thickness of 30 mm. The ventilation chamber had a height of 12 mm in the axial direction. Disc B, of cast iron, had a mass of 9,602 kg. The two plates of the disk were connected by columnar elements arranged in three concentric rows in a quincuncial arrangement, as illustrated in the attached figure 8. Each row had 31 columnar elements. The elements of the outer row had a circular cross section, while the elements of the middle row and the inner row had a substantially rhomboidal cross-section. There were 31 projections for each plate, arranged in axially opposite pairs. The projections were arranged in the outer row between one and another columnar elements.
    [0055] Preferably, the projections had a height ranging between 2 and 15 mm, preferably 4 mm, and a diameter ranging between 2 and 15 mm, preferably 4 mm.
    [0056] The modal analysis was of the "free - free" type, from 0 to 8000 Hz, and was performed using the following parameters: Young's modulus E = 111839 MPa; tangent elastic modulus G = 44380.5 MPa; density p = 7.106 kg / dm3.
    [0057] In Table 1, the results for the modal analysis are described, with the values of frequencies for the intrinsic modes considered of disk A and disk B. The % variation was calculated with reference to disk A. TABLE 1

    [0058] The values presented in Table 1 show a significant decrease in the intrinsic frequencies of disk B compared to those of disk A for the diametrical modes (I, II, III). It should be noted, in particular, a decrease in the frequency of the trilobed K (0; 3) of 163 Hz (-8.1%), which in this specific case caused the occurrence of particularly severe resonance phenomena in disk A. frequency allowed to significantly attenuate these phenomena, with the advantage of the comfort provided during shooting.
    [0059] The disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to the invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the occurrence of noises and hisses associated with vibrations.
    [0060] By virtue of the invention, it is possible to increase the damping mass, in order to decrease the intrinsic frequencies of the disk, thus intervening in the intrinsic frequencies that are mainly responsible for the resonance phenomena, without compromising the mechanical strength and stiffness of the bands of braking.
    [0061] The presence of the projections arranged along the outer row of the plates also allows to increase the resistance to thermal breakage. Thermal cracks form from the center and then propagate outwards along the brake disc. The projections, together with the arrangement of the columnar elements, allow the creation of an obstacle to the growth of cracks, locally increasing the thickness of the braking band.
    [0062] In addition, the presence of the projections allows to increase the surface available for heat exchange, with the advantage of increasing the cooling efficiency of the disk. The arrangement of the projections close to the outer edge of the plates at the exit of the ventilation ducts further improves the cooling action. The presence of projections in correspondence with the outlet of the ventilation ducts reduces the risk of foreign bodies entering the braking band.
    [0063] Finally, the disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to the invention presents an easy and economical implementation, and can be manufactured by casting, like conventional discs. By virtue of the invention, no extra components or components other than the material that make up the brake disc are used, thus optimizing the implementation of the disc during casting, without the need for additional operations. Therefore, the invention thus conceived achieves the intended objectives.
    [0064] It should be apparent that the invention is also capable of assuming, in its practical implementation, forms and configurations that are different from those illustrated above, without therefore escaping from the present scope of protection. Furthermore, all the details can be replaced by technically equivalent elements, and the dimensions, formats and materials used can be different, according to the needs.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. Disc for a ventilated type disc brake, comprising a braking band (2) defined by two plates (3, 4) coaxial to an axis (Z), mutually facing and spaced in order to provide an interspace ( 5), said plates (3, 4) having opposite surfaces (6, 7) from which elements (8, 9, 10) extend transversely connecting the plates (6, 7), such opposite surfaces (6, 7) defining, together with the connecting elements (8, 9, 10), inside said interspace, ventilation ducts for cooling the disk, comprising a plurality of projections (11, 12) that project from both opposite surfaces (6, 7) of the two plates (3, 4), characterized in that said projections (11, 12) are circumferentially arranged only in proximity to the outer edges of the plates in correspondence with the outlet of the ventilation ducts, each projection (11) of the plate (3) being opposite and aligned with a projection (12) of the other plate (4), along a direction parallel to said axis (Z).
    [0002]
    Disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to claim 1, characterized in that said projections (11, 12) are uniformly arranged along the outer edges of the plates (6, 7).
    [0003]
    Disc for a ventilated type disc brake, according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that said projections (11, 12) are arranged at the outlet of each ventilation duct.
    [0004]
    4. Disc for a ventilated type disc brake, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said projections (11, 12) have a circular section in relation to a plane orthogonal to the axis (Z).
    [0005]
    Disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said connecting elements consist of wings extending radially with respect to said axis (Z).
    [0006]
    Disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said connecting elements (8, 9, 10) consist of columnar elements that are arranged along at least one outer row (21) and an inner row (22) which are concentric to each other and to the plates.
    [0007]
    7. Disc for a ventilated type disc brake, according to claim 6, characterized in that the columnar elements (8) of the outer row (21) have a circular section in relation to a plane orthogonal to the axis (Z).
    [0008]
    8. Disc for a ventilated type disc brake, according to claims 6 or 7, characterized in that each projection (11, 12) is arranged between two columnar elements (8) of the outer row (21).
    [0009]
    9. Disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the projections (11, 12) of a plate (3, 4) are equal in number to the columnar elements (8 ) of the outer row (21).
    [0010]
    10. Disc for a ventilated type disc brake, according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the columnar elements (9) of the inner line (22) have a rhomboidal-shaped section in relation to a plane perpendicular to the axis Z.
    [0011]
    11. Disc for a ventilated type disc brake, according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that it has at least one other intermediate row (23) of columnar elements (10).
    [0012]
    12. Disc for a ventilated type disc brake, according to claim 11, characterized in that the columnar elements (10) of the intermediate row (23) are out of phase with those of the outer row (21) and those of the inner row ( 22).
    [0013]
    Disc for a ventilated type disc brake, according to claim 12, characterized in that said projections (11, 12) are radially aligned with the columnar elements (10) of the intermediate row (23).
    [0014]
    Disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to any one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the columnar elements (8, 9, 10) are arranged between the two plates (3, 4) according to a quincuncial arrangement.
    [0015]
    Disc for a ventilated type disc brake according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that said projections (11, 12) are made of the same material as the plates (3, 4), being integrated with they.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2012164465A1|2012-12-06|
    EP2715179A1|2014-04-09|
    ITMI20110964A1|2012-11-28|
    US9255617B2|2016-02-09|
    CN103562586B|2017-02-08|
    BR112013030323A2|2017-01-31|
    US20140151167A1|2014-06-05|
    CN103562586A|2014-02-05|
    EP2715179B1|2015-07-01|
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    法律状态:
    2017-06-13| B15K| Others concerning applications: alteration of classification|Ipc: F16D 65/00 (2006.01), F16D 65/12 (2006.01), F02M 2 |
    2018-12-11| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-07-21| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-04-06| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 25/05/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ITMI2011A000964|2011-05-27|
    IT000964A|ITMI20110964A1|2011-05-27|2011-05-27|"VENTILATED TYPE DISC FOR DISC BRAKE"|
    PCT/IB2012/052634|WO2012164465A1|2011-05-27|2012-05-25|Disc for a disc brake of the ventilated type|
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